Transcultural Adaptation of Tibetan Nursing Trainees: A Case Study of "9+3" Vocational Technical Students in Sichuan Province, China.

BACKGROUND Nursing education is an important part of the "9+3" vocational education program led by Sichuan Province. In the internship stage, nursing students of Tibetan ethnicity may have problems of intercultural adaptation in the process of getting along with patients, which may affect the effective nursing outcome. The purpose of this study was to clarify the current situation of transcultural adaptation of Tibetan trainee nurses and to provide more theoretical support and guidance. MATERIAL AND METHODS We collected 237 valid survey questionnaires, based on Ward's acculturation process model, from a total of 363 Tibetan trainee nurses in the "9+3" free vocational education program in Chengdu, Luzhou, and Nanchong of Sichuan Province. The SPSSAU project (2020), an online application software retrieved from https://www.spssau.com, was used for data coding and archiving. RESULTS The results of questionnaire and data analysis showed that the overall level of transcultural adaptation of Tibetan trainee nurses was that the number of people with poor adaptation was slightly higher than those with good adaptation, and most Tibetan trainee nurses were in the middle level. Meanwhile, sociocultural adaptation was better than psychological adaptation. There were no statistically significant differences among the 4 grouping variables: gender, student home region, the city where the internship hospital was located, and whether they were from a single-child family or not. CONCLUSIONS The results revealed that there was still transcultural maladjustment among Tibetan nurses in the internship stage, and the psychological maladjustment was more obvious than the sociocultural maladjustment. We provide countermeasures and suggestions to solve the problems of transcultural adaptation reflected in the research.

Practice of breastfeeding in quilombola communities in the light of transcultural theory.

OBJECTIVES: to identify factors that interfere with the practice of exclusive breastfeeding in quilombola communities. METHODS: qualitative research based on the Transcultural Theory proposed by Madeleine Leininger, performed with quilombola mothers. For data collection, we used the semi-structured interview, conducted from June 2018 to January 2019. Content analysis was guided by the interactive model of Miles and Huberman. RESULTS: it was revealed that intergenerational cultural myths and customs interfere with breastfeeding practice, and identified the influence of professional nurses on best breastfeeding practices. FINAL CONSIDERATIONS: cultural and intergenerational factors favor early weaning and expose the child to illness.

Adaptación cultural para la población argentina del cuestionario Supportive Care Needs Survey-Partners and Caregivers / Cultural adaptation for the Argentine population of the Supportive Care Needs Survey-Partners and Caregivers questionnaire

OBJETIVO: realizar la adaptación cultural del Supportive Care Needs Survey-Partners and Caregivers (SCNS-P&C) de pacientes con cáncer para la población argentina. MÉTODO: se llevó a cabo la adaptación cultural siguiendo los pasos propuestos por Beaton et al. (17): paso 1) Dos traducciones independientes del SCNS-P&C al español utilizado en Argentina; paso 2) Resolución de discrepancias entre las dos traducciones para generar la primera versión preliminar; paso 3) Dos traducciones inversas del SCNS-P&C-S-V1 al inglés. Evaluación de las diferencias entre las traducciones inversas y el SCNS-P&C; paso 4) Ajuste del SCNS-P&C-S-V1 en función de lo observado en la traducción inversa, generación de SCNS-P&C-S-V2; paso 5) pilotaje con entrevistas a personas cuidadoras familiares de pacientes oncológicos atendidos en el Hospital Zonal Bariloche (Argentina). Se registraron datos sociodemográficos y se administró la versión semifinal del cuestionario en español. En relación a estas entrevistas se realizaron ajustes finales y se generó el SCNS-P&C-S. RESULTADOS: la traducción directa e inversa no presentó dificultades. Se entrevistó a 20 personas cuidadoras. La tasa de rechazo fue del 10% y el tiempo medio de administración del SCNS-P&C-S fue de 19 minutos. Se observaron dificultades en la comprensión de dos ítems: uno por falta de conocimiento de la organización de las instituciones de salud y el otro derivado del lenguaje utilizado por lo que fue modificado para facilitar su comprensión. CONCLUSIONES: se obtuvo una versión del SCNS-P&C en español adaptada a la población argentina para su validación posterior. Se recomienda la heteroadministración en el proceso de validación. Este instrumento permitirá efectuar un diagnóstico de las necesidades de información y soporte de las personas cuidadoras de pacientes con cáncer en instituciones de salud de Argentina

OBJECTIVE: to conduct the cultural adaptation for the Argentine population of the Supportive Care Needs Survey-Partners and Caregivers (SCNS-P&C) for cancer patients. METHOD: the cultural adaptation was conducted following the steps proposed by Beaton et al. (17): Step 1) Two independent translations of the SCNS-P&C into Argentinean Spanish; Step 2) Addressing any discrepancies between both translations in order to generate the first preliminary version; Step 3) Two reverse translations of the SCNS-P&C-S-V1 into English. Assessment of the differences between the reverse translations and the SCNS-P&C; Step 4) Adjustment of the SCNS-P&C-S-V1 based on what has been observed in the reverse translation, generation of SCNS-P&C-S-V2; Step 5) Pilot test with interviews with relatives who are caregivers of oncological patients treated at the Hospital Zonal de Bariloche. Sociodemographic data were recorded, and the semi-final version of the questionnaire in Spanish was used. Based on these interviews, final adjustments were conducted, and the SCNS-P&C-S was generated. RESULTS: the direct and reverse translation presented no difficulties. Twenty (20) caregivers were interviewed. There was a 10% rejection rate, and the mean time for answering the SCNS-P&C-S was 19 minutes. Difficulties were observed for understanding two items: one due to lack of knowledge of the structure of health institutions, and the other derived of the language used, which was modified in order to make it understandable. CONCLUSIONS: a version of the SCNS-P&C in Spanish was obtained, adapted to the Argentine population, for its subsequent validation. Hetero-administration is recommended in the validation process. This tool will allow us to diagnose the needs for information and support of caregivers for cancer patients in Argentine health institutions

Adaptación transcultural de la escala Caring Nurse-Patient Interactions para la evaluación de la competencia en la relación enfermera-paciente / Transcultural adaptation into Spanish of the Caring Nurse-Patient Interactions for assessing nurse-patient relationship competence

Objetivo: Realizar la adaptación transcultural de la escala Caring Nurse-Patient Interactions (CNPI-70 ítems) de evaluación del nivel de competencia en la relación enfermera-paciente. Método: Adaptación cultural mediante el método de traducción y retrotraducción de la herramienta CNPI, y consenso por panel de expertos para la determinación de la validez de aspecto y contenido. Resultados: Se llevó a cabo el proceso de traducción y adaptación cultural, y el panel de expertos consensuó la versión final del cuestionario traducido al español. Conclusiones: Esta investigación aporta una versión traducida y adaptada de la escala CNPI en español, que posee validez de aspecto y de contenido. Futuros estudios deberán evaluar la consistencia interna, validez de criterio y validez de constructo del instrumento

Objective: Cross-cultural adaptation into Spanish of the Caring Nurse-Patient Interactions (CNPI - 70 items) for assessing nurse-patient relationship competence level. Method: Cross-cultural adaptation using translation and back-translation method of the CNPI, and consensus by panel of experts to determine the face and content validity. Results: The cross-cultural translation and adjustment procedure was used, and a panel of experts agreed on the final Spanish version of the scale. Conclusions: This research study provides a Spanish version of the CNPI, which has appearance and content validity. The internal consistency, criteria validity, and construct validity should be evaluated in future research studies

Knowledge, attitudes and prejudices of nursing students about the provision of transcultural nursing care to refugees: A comparative descriptive study.

OBJECTIVES: The aim of this study was to determine the knowledge, attitudes, and prejudices of nursing students regarding the provision of transcultural nursing care to refugees. METHODS: The sample of this comparative descriptive study was composed of 317 volunteering nursing students living in Ankara, Turkey. Descriptive statistics were presented as number, percentage, and mean ± standard deviation. The relationships among dependent and independent variables were analyzed with Pearson chi-square test. p ≤ 0.05 was accepted as statistically significant. RESULTS: The mean age of the students was 21.19 ± 1.66 years; 88.6% were female. Only 30.0% (n = 95) of students (predominantly seniors) were educated on transcultural nursing. Statistically significant differences were found among grades of nursing students on the answers to the items, "Refugees are under coverage of general medical insurance system," "The concept of 'Health' differs from culture to culture," "Cultural features of the patient are important for caring nurse," "In order to provide care to only refugees and foreign patients, nurses from other cultures should be employed in hospitals," "Interpreters should be employed in hospitals 24 hours for services for refugees," and "According to my observations, refugees and their relatives admitted to the hospital are not respecting the healthcare workers and hospital rules." In addition, there was a statistically significant difference in students' comfort level with nursing care activities between those students who were literate in a foreign language and those who were not literate in a foreign language. CONCLUSIONS: Our findings show that attending lectures on transcultural nursing in a curriculum of seniors and being literate in a foreign language had a positive impact on the attitudes of students in terms of the provision of medical care to refugees. It is recommended that nursing programs integrate lectures on transcultural nursing into the curricula of all four grades of nursing education and encourage students in language learning to better serve our disadvantageous guests.

The transcultural adaptation and the validity and reliability of the Turkish Version of Perroca's Patient Classification Instrument.

AIM: This study examines the transcultural adaptation and the reliability and validity of the Turkish version of Perroca's Patient Classification Instrument. BACKGROUND: Nurse managers need valid and reliable patient classification tools for determining patients' acuity or dependency levels on nursing care for measuring nursing workloads. METHODS: This study was conducted in two stages in a private hospital in Istanbul, Turkey. First, the instrument was translated, and its content validation was analysed. In the second stage, data were gathered from 300 hospitalized patients and were analysed by factor analyses, Cronbach's alpha and Cohen's kappa. RESULTS: Validity testing with ten experts revealed a scale-content validity index of 0.93. Exploratory factor analysis revealed a two-dimensional instrument with distinct factor loadings and a variance of 66.97%. The confirmatory factor analysis revealed that the fit indices were satisfactory. This instrument had an overall Cronbach's alpha coefficient of .86 and Cohen's kappa coefficient of .826. CONCLUSION: The study provides evidence that the Turkish version of Perroca's Patient Classification Instrument is a valid and reliable tool to determine patients' acuity levels on nursing care. IMPLICATIONS FOR NURSING MANAGEMENT: This instrument may be used by nurse managers to determine acuity levels of patients and measure nursing workload.

Valores, costumbres y estructuras familiares en 1901: una mirada a los cuidados culturales actuales / Values, customs and family structures in 1901: a look at the current cultural care

La actual dinámica social hace que el cuidado de enfermería se convierta en un desafío permanente, pues debe considerar las continuas transformaciones de los aspectos socioculturales de las personas para ofrecer unos cuidados de calidad. Sin embargo, hay personas que mantienen creencias, normas y prácticas familiares tradicionales que pasan de generación en generación. Una forma de explorar estas es a través del análisis de fuentes documentales históricas. Este estudio propone conocer las creencias, tradiciones, prácticas y estructuras familiares de la comarca del Bierzo (León, España) en 1901. Utilizaremos para ello, como referente documental, las respuestas dadas acerca del “Matrimonio” en la “Encuesta del Ateneo de Madrid” de 1901. Esta encuesta recogía las creencias, tradiciones y prácticas de la sociedad de la época en todo el territorio nacional, aunque, en este caso concreto, nos limitemos a la comarca del Bierzo. Esta profundización en el conocimiento holístico ayudaría a que las enfermeras puedan planificar y ejecutar intervenciones donde los pacientes se sientas valorados y tratados como seres únicos y respetados considerando sus características de individualidad y sus contextos particulares

Current social dynamics make nursing care a permanent challenge since it must consider the continuous transformations of the sociocultural aspects of people to offer quality care. However, some people maintain traditional family beliefs, norms and practices that are passed from generation to generation. One way to explore these is through the analysis of historical documentary sources. This study proposes to know the beliefs, traditions, practices and family structures of the Bierzo region (León, Spain) in 1901. We will use, as a documentary reference, the answers given about the "Marriage" in the "Survey of the Ateneo of Madrid" of 1901. This survey collected the beliefs, traditions and practices of the society of that period throughout the national territory. However, in this specific case, we limit the information to the Bierzo region. This deepening of holistic knowledge would help nurses to plan and execute interventions where patients feel valued and treated as unique and respected beings considering their characteristics and their particular contexts

A Family Belief Systems Theory for Transcultural Family Health Care Nursing.

To enable culturally congruent family health care nursing, the family belief systems theory proposed by Hohashi can be utilized. The family belief systems theory, developed through family ethnographic studies and questionnaire surveys conducted in the United States, Japan, China, Indonesia, and the Philippines, explains (a) structurization of a system, based on the family member's beliefs as cognition criteria, in which family member's emotions, decisions/acts, and physical responses (including health problems) occur; and (b) the process in which family beliefs are formed from family members' beliefs, by which intentional decisions/acts by the family (family decision making, family self-management, etc.) are performed. By identifying the mechanism of family belief systems, the nursing professional, through support for family/family members' beliefs, can completely change the intentional decisions/acts by the family.

Adaptación transcultural del instrumento Karen Personal para medir la percepción de la calidad del cuidado en enfermeras de hospital / Transcultural adaptation of the Karen Personal instrument to measure the nurses' perception of healthcare quality in hospitals

Objetivo: Adaptar transculturalmente y validar la escala Karen Personal para medir la percepción de la calidad del cuidado en enfermeras intrahospitalarias de la red pública de atención en Chile. Método: Para la adaptación transcultural al español de la escala se aplicó el método inverso con una traducción-retrotraducción y el juicio de 41 profesionales de enfermería de un hospital público de mediana complejidad. Luego, en una muestra de 290 enfermeras de 3 centros hospitalarios públicos de alta complejidad, se aplicó análisis factorial exploratorio (rotación varimax) y confirmatorio (máxima verosimilitud) y ecuaciones estructurales. Se utilizó el programa Stata 13.0 y R 3.2.2. Resultados: Se obtuvo una versión del instrumento adaptada lingüísticamente y que presentó una solución factorial de 4 factores que en conjunto explican el 63,8% de la varianza; asimismo, la escala presentó un buen ajuste según los indicadores utilizados: CFI (0,961); TLI (0,950); RMSEA (0,65); SRMR (0,67). Conclusiones: La versión abreviada planteada en este estudio se adaptó transculturalmente y muestra propiedades métricas y análisis factoriales adecuados, aunque es necesario continuar evaluando sus propiedades clinimétricas en futuros estudios

Objective: To adapt cross-culturally and validate the Karen Personal scale to measure the perception of the quality of care of hospital nurses of the public health care network in Chile. Method: For the transcultural adaptation to Spanish of the scale, the inverse method was applied with translation-back translation and the judgment of 41 nursing professionals from a medium complexity public hospital. Then in a sample of 290 nurses from three high complexity public hospitals, exploratory factor analysis (varimax rotation) and confirmatory (maximum likelihood) and structural equations were applied. The programmes Stata 13.0 and R 3.2.2 were used. Results: A linguistically adapted version of the instrument was obtained and presented a factorial solution of four factors that together explain 63.8% of the variance, and the scale presented a good fit according to the indicators used: CFI (.961); TLI (.950); RMSEA (.65); SRMR (.67). Conclusions: The abbreviated version proposed in this study was adapted cross-culturally and shows adequate metrics and factorial analysis, it is necessary to continue evaluating its clinimetric properties in future studies

The Andrews/Boyle Transcultural Interprofessional Practice (TIP) Model.

The goals of the Andrews/Boyle Transcultural Interprofessional Practice (TIP) model are to provide a patient- or client-centered systematic, logical, orderly, scientific process for delivering safe, culturally congruent and competent, affordable, accessible, evidence-based, and quality care for people from diverse backgrounds across the life span. Key components of the TIP model include the context from which people's health-related values, attitudes, beliefs, and practices emerge; the interprofessional health care team; effective verbal and nonverbal communication among all team members; and a five-step systematic, scientific problem-solving process-assessment, mutual goal setting, and planning, implementing, and evaluating the effectiveness of therapeutic interventions and care. The model is applicable wherever nurses practice, teach, learn, lead, consult, and conduct research domestically and globally.

Hacia una antropología del cuidar / Towards an anthropology of caring

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Cervical cancer prevention among quilombola women in the light of Leininger's theory. / Prevenção do câncer do colo uterino de quilombolas à luz da teoria de Leininger.

OBJECTIVE Our purpose was to discuss practices of cervical cancer prevention among Quilombola Women. METHOD This study used, in 2014, a qualitative research approach aiming twenty women from a quilombola community (people who live in quilombos, descendants of Afro-Brazilian slaves), which is located in Bahia. A semi-structured interview was developed by researchers in order to collect data. The Ethno-nursing Research method was used to analyze the data. RESULTS The use of cultural care through medicinal plants, and the nursing professional care (Pap Smear exam procedure) were stated by Quilombola women as serving as prevention practices against cervical cancer. However, most women stated that they did not use any prevention practices. CONCLUSION Social, cultural and health access issues are practices that are linked to the cervical cancer prevention among Quilombola Women. Therefore, it is indispensable to create an appropriate care plan for Quilombola women's reality.